MAY 2014: MONTHLY REPORT BY ARR MOBILE VET UNIT

Date	Location	Species	Concern	Photo	Notes	Drugs/Notes
1/5/14	Upper KARI	Zebra-Female	Snare		Was reported by ANAW(African Network of Animal Welfare) as having a snare around the right fore fetlock. It was found to be a nylon rope causing traumatic wound and severe lameness. Wound was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine after severing the rope with a scalpel blade. It was topically smeared with healing Oil and sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Was sedated with 7mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Xylazine. Was injected with 30000mgs long acting Tetracycline into muscles. The hoof on the same limb was trimmed using hoof trimmer to the level of white line. It was revived using 35mgs Yohimbine and 28mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
	Kihoto	Serval Cat-Female	Postmortem		Was reported to have died after being attacked by the community following its invasion of the resident area.	Had suffered fractured skull resulting to bloody nasal discharge. The right fore limb had a fracture at scapular and the left hind limb had fracture at metatarsal.
	Finlay Farm	Eland-Female	Snare		Was reported with a plain wire snare at right metatarsal. It was tight causing traumatic wound and swinging leg lameness. It was severed using wire cutter and wound cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was topically sprayed with Tetracycline Spray and Healing Oil. 30000mgs Amoxicillin was injected intramuscularly.	Was darted with 10mgs Etorphine and 120mgs Xylazine. Two darts were used as one dart hit the hoof and became faulty. It was revived using 50mgs Yohimbine and 30mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
2/5/14	Nini Farm	Waterbuck-Male	Stray		Had strayed into greenhouse area resulting to destruction of flowers. It was captured and released at the nearby riparian where he was thought to have come from when the electric fence went off.	It was sedated with 9mgs Etorphine and 100mgs Xylazine. He was revived using 30mgs Diprenorphine and 50mgs Yohimbine
	Green Park	Zebra Foal-Female	Stray		Was reported to have been left behind by the herd while grazing at night near residence houses. She was put up with a cow calf for the day and was to be joined with the dam as herd come to graze near the residence the following night.	The herd never came again as it was thought to have strayed to the area the previous night. The rescuer requested to look after her with goat milk for about four months after which it will be released to the wild.
3/5/14	Annex-KWSTI	Waterbuck-Female	Scours		It was noted with matted perineum due to greenish diarrhea. Was heavily emaciated. She was treated with 2250mgs Amoxicillin intramuscular and same subcutaneous. 15ml Multivitamin intramuscular and 70mgs Ivermectin subcutaneous. 100ml Pyrethrin was applied as pour on.	Immobilized using 8mgs Etorphine and 80mgs Xylazine. It was revived immediately after getting down to avoid mortality due to poor body condition. It was physically restrained during treatment administration.
	Aquila Farm	4 Zebras-3 Females & Male	Snares		All had wedge snare wires on right fore fetlocks more than seven days old causing severe traumatic wounds infested with maggots. Each was injected with 15000mgs Amoxicillin into muscles and 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously. Each wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Each was topically smeared with Healing oil and Tetracycline Spray. 100ml of Pyrethrin pour on was applied on each.	Each was immobilized using 7mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Xylazine. Each was revived using 28mgs Diprenorphine and 35mgs Yohimbine intravenously.
	Mundui Estate	Zebra-Male	Tumor		Had a bleeding swelling on the edge of right ear about 10cms diameter. It was raw and irritating making the zebra to keep on shaking the head and tilting it on the right side.	Was immobilized by use of 6mgs Etorphine and 20mgs Medetomidine. Was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone into jugular vein
4/5/14	Aquila Farm	4 Zebras-3 Males & Female	2 Snares, Wound, Injury		One which plunged had wedge snare on the left hind fetlock (male) and the other (female) on fore left fetlock joint. The other male had wound on the right fore fetlock which had been caused by snare. The wounds were cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and rinsed with Iodine. Healing oil was applied topically followed by Tetracycline spray. Each was injected with 30000mgs long acting Tetracycline into muscles. Each got 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously and 100ml Pyrethrin as pour on. The euthanized one was found lying on right lateral recumbence which was suspected to have grown weak due to starvation resulting from amputated left fore fetlock. The injury was thought to have been due to snare.	Three were each sedated using 7mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Xylazine. One snared and wounded one were each revived using 35mgs Yohimbine and 28mgs Diprenorphine intravenously. The injured was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone into venous vein. One snared plunged into lagoon and suffocated after darting. The latter two were thrown into compost pit 10 meters deep.
12/5/14	Green Park	Zebra Foal-Female	Health check		After one week in custody of a rescuer there was need to check on her health. She was found to be stable consuming three litres of goat milk	The only worry was problem with sub-laxating patella ligament which I advised it be given 5mgs of Dicalcium Phosphate every day for seven days with substantial exercises every day.
	Eburu-Moi North Lake Road	Buffalo-Female	Postmortem		Was found lying down on road side unable to stand. It had an injury on the fore head depicted as bruise and had bloody nasal discharge. It was suspected to have sustained an injury due to car accident	It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone into jugular vein.
13/5/14	Annex-KWSTI	Zebra-Male	Postmortem		The carcass was found on right lateral side inside a ditch. It was suspected to have fallen into the ditch as it grazed near the ditch at night.	Postmortem revealed hemorrhage into the brain which was also being expressed through the bloody nostril discharge.
	Olkaria Gate-Hells Gate National Park	Zebra-Male	Fracture		Reported being lame depicting swinging leg lameness of the right hind limb.  It was suspected to have been hit by a vehicle at tibio-tarsal joint.	Was darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Xylazine. It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone.
	Oserian/Kiangazi area	Zebra-Female	Wound		Reported to be lame on the left fore limb due to torn deep digital flexor tendon and accompanying septic wound on the metacarpus. Wound was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Healing oil and tetracycline wound spray were applied topically.	Darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Xylazine. 30000mgs Tetracycline was injected intramuscularly, 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously. It was revived using 18mgs Etorphine and 35mgs Yohimbine into jugular vein.
	Lake Nakuru National Park	Lioness	Stray		It was reported to have strayed and killed a donkey within the nearby community area. On searching the edge of the park it was established to have gone back to the park with a half donkey carcass.	Efforts to dart her and translocate her out of the park were futile due to challenging terrain and unavailability of chopper. She is known as habitual fence breaker and thus need to take her away is inevitable. Advice was given that the preyed donkey carcass be used as bait to try and lay trap for her.
14/5/14	Lentolia Kirui Area	Masai Giraffe-Male	Snare		Spotted being still for long time near a shrub. Observation revealed that it had been snare tethered on the right hind limb just above fetlock joint. Superficial bruise was noted at snared area. The wedge snare was severed using wire cutter.	Darted using 15mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Xylazine. It was revived immediately it went down using 75mgs Naltrexone and 35mgs Yohimbine. The bruised area was sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.
	Marura Estate	Zebra-Female	Snare		Spotted with a piece of plastic lodged on the left fore fetlock area following a faulty snare. It had caused traumatic wound which was bleeding due to constant irritation. The plastic was carefully removed, wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Tetracycline wound spray and Healing Oil were topically applied.	Darted using 7mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 30000mgs Amoxicillin was injected into muscles to cover against opportunistic pathogens. 80mgs Ivermectin was administered subcutaneously. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
15/5/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Male	Traumatic Injury		Was spotted spending most of time lying down and being less active. Observation revealed that it had a raw penetrating wound on the right side just anterior of the scapular exuding reddish discharge	Due to difficult terrain it was placed under observation as chopper procurement was underway
		Buffalo-Female	Lethargy		Was found lying on the edge of the road. It was suspected to have fallen down as it tried to climb the raised mound due to old age and poor health. This was exacerbated by poor forage due to prevailing dry conditions	It was placed on sternal recumbence and left to rest and get up on its own.
	Sero Area	Zebra-Female	Snare		Was found snare tethered upside down. On examination it was found to have broken the left fore metacarpus resulting to comminuted fracture.	It was calmed by use of 4mgs Etorphine and 40mgs xylazine. It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone
	Kongoni Police Station	Zebra-Female	Postmortem		Was found having strayed into the residential compound unable to get up or move. Bloody discharge was being expressed through the nostrils. It was suspected to have been hit by a blunt object on the fore head.	It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone into jugular vein
17/5/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Male-Wachira	Postmortem		Found dead after being noted inactive for three days. Was found on left lateral recumbence with both horns intact. It had a penetrating wound anterior to left scapular. On postmortem one bullet head was recovered on the right side of the carcass anteriodorsal to scapular.	The track was traced and went through the chest cavity anteriorly perforating esophagus and cranial lobe of the right lung before settling at cephalic muscles on the right neck side. There was massive soft tissue damage along the track. Pleural fluid was bloody and a lamp of ingesta was found at the perforated esophagus site. The animal died of respiratory embarrassment.
	Kanji Moi North Lake Road	Masai Giraffe-Male	Electrocuted-Euthanized		Three male masai giraffe were reported to have attempted to gain entry through electric fence. Two successfully went through but one fell down after hitting the fence. It was the first to hit the fence. Efforts to get it out of the ditch were futile as it remained on sternal recumbence depicting posterior paralysis.	To ease pain and unnecessary suffering it was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone intravenously.
18/5/14	Aquila Farm	2 Zebra-Male & Female	Snares		The male had double braided snare wire around the neck dropping down entangling left hind limb. The female had tight wedge snare wire around the left hind metatarsus. It had caused severe traumatic wound exposing bone but sparing deep and superficial digital tendons. Resultant wounds were cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Topically the wounds were smeared with Healing Oil and Tetracycline spray.	Each was darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 15mgs Medetomidine. Two darts were faulty. Each was dewormed using 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneous and 30000mgs Tetracycline intramuscularly. Each was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine and 35mgs Yohimbine.
	Mundui Estates	Zebra-Male	Lassitude		Noted lying down and unable to rise. It was emaciated and mane less. This was suspected to have been caused by old age and scarcity of forage. It was boosted using 40mls Multivitamin, 30000mgs Tetracycline both intramuscular and 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously.	Immobilized using 5mgs Etorphine and 5mgs Azaperone. He was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone and 15mgs Dopram intravenously.
20/5/14	Lentoria	Buffalo-Male	Electrocuted		A male buffalo was reported to have died. Examination revealed that it died near an electric fence. Postmortem was carried out and it was possible that it died due to electrocution.
	Kinja	Zebra-Male	Postmortem-Euthanized-Old age		The zebra was spotted struggling to get up at the edge of road. It was emaciated and had no mane. Dentition examination revealed worn out teeth to the level of gum. Preorbital fossa was greatly sunken depicting old age.	A postmortem was carried out depicted the animal died of Old age as it could not cope up with scarce forage caused by prevailing dry season. Euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone intravenously
21/5/14	Lake Nakuru National  Park	Buffalos	Disease Surveillance Recce		Following report of deaths of buffalos in Lake Nakuru National Park a recce was conducted to plan on how to institute a disease investigation. It was found that twelve buffalos had died at different locations within the park with many being at WCK area. Eleven of which were old animals as depicted by dentition. Two calves each darted with 2mgs Etorphine and 40mgs Azaperone after depicting bottle jaw and swollen belly.	It was established that very emaciated individuals could be spotted in big herds. The carrying capacity was also exceeded and dry spell also challenged the heavy grazers on availability of palatable and sufficient forage. It was decided that an investigation would be instituted to determine the blood chemistry. Two calves were treated of helminthosis with 40mgs Ivermectin subcutaneous and 7500mgs Tetracycline intramuscular plus 25ml Multivitamin intramuscular each.
23/5/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Buffalos	Disease Surveillance Sampling		On follow-up seven buffalos (3 sub adults and 4 adults) at different locations and one waterbuck (Female) were darted. Dentition was studied and whole blood samples picked for chemistry and blood smear analysis.  Adults were darted with 8mgs Etorphine and 150mgs Azaperone, Sub adults with 5mgs Etorphine and 90mgs Azaperone. Waterbuck was darted with 5mgs Etorphine and 70mgs Azaperone. Was boosted with 6000mgs Tetracycline, 50mgs Ivermectin and 20ml Multivitamin.	All were emaciated and adults had worn out teeth while the sub adults depicted pot belly and swollen submandibular region. All were treated with Broad spectrum antibiotic (30000mgs for adults and half for sub adults-Tetracycline), 120mgs for adults and half for sub adults-Ivermectin and 25ml Multivitamin to boost their poor health. Analysis is underway
25/5/14	Finlay Kingfisher Farm	Waterbuck-Male	Postmortem-Electrocuted		Was reported to have been trapped as it tried to go through the two fences following a scare from the residence of the area where it strayed into.	Postmortem revealed that it got electrocuted by one of the fence which was electrical.
	Kedong Ranch	Zebra-Female	Snare		Reported having snare. Efforts to dart were futile after the vehicle used to dart got double left side punctures and the exercise was postponed. The tyres were punctured by a dry stamp of leleshwa bush
26/5/14	Lentoria	Buffalo Calf-Female	Snare		Was reported with plain snare wire around the neck though not tight. It was very weak and heavily infested with ticks and lice. It was chased and captured manually. The snare snoop was loosened and taken off the neck	The calf appetite was boosted by 25ml Multivitamin intramuscular and 4500mgs Tetracycline injected intramuscularly. 60mgs Ivermectin was injected subcutaneously to cover against internal and external parasites.
	Kedong Ranch	Python-Male	Stray		Reported to stalk herd of goats which were grazing nearby. It climbed the nearby tree when it was disturbed. It was taken down by the help of the rope and cutting down the branch it had propped on.	He was captured manually and put in plastic bag ready for release.
	Kairi Village	Leopard	Stray		Had strayed into a residential boma and tried to fetch sheep which was inside the enclosure. It was not successful but ended inflicting injuries on the two fore limbs and brisket by its claws.	Though reported being there it was never found. The PAC team of Naivasha was linked with the case for possible follow-up and capture where applicable.
	Gold Smith/Kentalya Farm	Hippo	Stuck		Spotted under fallen acacia branches for a day. On observation it was noted to have died. It was assumed to have stuck in the nearby mud and unable to get out. Possibly it was running away from fight ending up being trapped by the branches
	Crescent Island	Masai Giraffe-Male	Traumatic Wound		Was spotted with a wound near tail base. On examination the wound was about seven centimeters long and about half centimeter deep. Tail was functional. Had little scratches on the limbs but were superficial.	It was never darted since the injuries did not warrant. The injuries were suspected to have been caused by barbed wire fence near where he was.
27/5/14	Malewa Bay	Buffalo-Female	Lodged Spear		Reported with lodged spear after poaching attempt. The spear had gone through the chest region from left to right side at upper third region. The penetrating wounds on both sides were oozing foamy blood exudate because they had pierced through the lungs. Three poachers dogs found at the scene were shot dead.	Was immobilized using 10mgs Etorphine and 120mgs Azaperone. It was euthanized due to extent of the injury using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone into jugular vein
28/5/14	Lentoria	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Was spotted with a wedge wire snare on the neck. It had gotten loose possibly by brushing against the bush. The snare loop was quickly loosened and taken of the neck. The superficial skin injury had healed	Was darted using 10mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 36mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein
	Crater Lake	2 Zebras-Male & Female	Abscess in male and snare in female		The abscess was on the mid neck ventrally and was about 10cms in diameter. It was hard on palpation but had a soft point at most ventral position. It was aspirated and bloody tinged fluid was expressed. An X-cut was done using surgical blade at soft point to drain the fluid. It was lavaged using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Penicillin antibiotic cream was infiltrated into the poach and tetracycline wound spray topically applied. Female had a plain copper snare wire embedded at coronet area of the right hind limb. It was about three months old. The snare was severed using wire cutter and pulled out of the tissues. The penetrating wound was flushed with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine followed by infiltration with penicillin cream.	Each was immobilized with 5mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. The female was redarted using 5mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Xylazine after the first dart rebounced. Each was injected with 15000mgs mgs Tetracycline intramuscularly and 60mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously. Male was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone and female with 18mgs Diprenorphine and 35mgs Yohimbine intravenously.
	Aquila Farm	4 Zebras-Male & 3 females	Snares. Male had on left hind metatarsus, 2 females had on  left fore fetlocks and other  on right hind fetlock		Each was spotted limping due to wedge wires which were very tight. Each was loosened and gotten off the limbs. Each had smelly granulating bleeding wound approximated to be about one week old. Each was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Healing Oil and tetracycline wound spray was topically applied. 3 were covered with 15000mgs Tetracycline and one with 30000mgs Amoxicillin intramuscularly. Each was boosted with 50mls Multivitamin and 60mgs Ivermectin intramuscular and subcutaneous respectively.	Each was immobilized using 5mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. Each was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine intravenously.
29/5/14	Lake Nakuru National Park-Kasambara area	Buffalos-Herd	Recce		It had been reported that the herd was fenced out within kasambara area when Soysambu was fenced six years ago. They have since increased in number resulting to human wildlife conflict especially now that there is drought.	It was decided that an aerial survey be conducted to ascertain the number of buffalos involved so that possible translocation can be planned from a point of information
	Nini Farm	Masai Giraffe-Female	Stray-Plunged into lagoon		Spotted inside a water dam in the flower farm. It was thought to have plunged during night browse. She was in company of seven who kept vigil in the nearby. Ropes were used to direct her to less steep mound edge. Efforts were geared to pull her out of the pod	. Due to tiredness and overnight cold she remained docile. Eight men were used to pull her out without strangulating the neck. While out she remained on right recumbence for external examination. Hind limbs were nub but after a while she was up and ran away.
	Aberdare Golf Resort	Buffalo-Male	Stray-Plunged into dry pit		Was reported to have plunged into a dry pit about eight feet deep. It was established that he was not aggressive due to injuries sustained. It was pulled out of the pit manually using ropes by help of seven men.	On examination it was found that he fell down head first. Horns were both loose, had intraocular bleeding, neck had left kink and had bleeding through the nostrils. It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone due to severity of the injuries.
	Soysambu Conservancy	2 Lioness	Stray		Two lionesses were reported to have predated on a male waterbuck. This raised fear that they would eventually attack cattle which are within the vicinity.	The Lake Nakuru National Park PAC team was called in to bring the trap and try to trap the culprits. Chemical capture was not possible since the terrain was challenging and the lionesses were out of sight.
	Kedong Ranch	Zebra-Male	Snare		Had gone unattended on 25/5/14 after suffering car mechanical problem. It was trailed later and found. The plain wire had caused traumatic wound which was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was topically covered with Healing Oil and Tetracycline wound spray	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. It was injected with 15000mgs Tetracycline intramuscular, 80mgs ivermectin subcutaneous. It was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine in the jugular vein.
	Hells Gate National Park	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Spotted with a snare plain wire strangulating the neck. The snare had not caused traumatic wound but just alopecia. The wire was severed using wire cutter. The skin abrasion was sprayed topically with tetracycline wound spray.	Sedated using 10mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. Was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone into jugular vein.