NOVEMBER 2014: MONTHLY REPORT BY ARR MOBILE VET UNIT

Date	Location	Species	Concern	Photo	Notes	Drugs/Notes
5/11/14	Finlay-Hells Gate National Park	Zebra-Female	Snare		Reported with a wedge snare wire around the right hind fetlock area causing lameness. Had caused severe traumatic wound. Snare snoop was loosened and taken off the limb. Wound was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 30000mgs Amoxicillin, 50ml Multivitamin was injected intramuscularly; 80mgs Ivermectin was injected subcutaneously and 200ml Pyrethrin was applied topically. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
6/11/14	Lentolia	Zebra-Female	Traumatic Wound		Reported to have a huge gaping wound on the right gluteal area and a small on the left. The injury was suspected to have been caused by hyena attack. The wound was septic, discharging pus and maggot infested. It was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. As many maggots as possible were manually removed, wound edges trimmed and debrided ready for suturing.	Was darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. Was sutured using double nylon suture leaving distal opening to act as a drain. 6000mgs of Amoxicillin was infiltrated around the wound and another inside the wound along suture line. 100mgs Ivermectin was flushed in the wound prior to Amoxicillin. 50ml Multivitamin intramuscular and Tetracycline spray was applied liberally and 200ml Pyrethrin topically applied to repeal flies and other external parasites. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
	Upper KARI	Zebra-Male	Traumatic Wound		Spotted being lame on the right hind limb. Observation revealed that it had a septic wound on the right hind limb posteriorly. Observation revealed that it had a severed deep digital flexor tendon possibly by a faulty snare. It was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. 15000mgs Tetracycline and 50ml Multivitamin was administered into muscles	It was immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone.  80mgs Ivermectin was subcutaneously injected and 200ml Pyrethrin pour on applied topically It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
9/11/14	Crater Lake	Masai Giraffe-Female	Traumatic Wound		Spotted with a metal rod poking out at the withers laterally on the left side. The area around the rod was swollen and emphysematous. The rod was manually removed and resultant penetrating wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. One tube Amoxicillin ointment was infiltrated into the wound	Darted using 15mgs Etorphine and 40mgs Azaperone. 30000mgs Amoxicillin and 100ml Multivitamin were administered intramuscular, 250mgs Ivermectin subcutaneous, 400ml Pyrethrin pour on. It was revived using 48mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein
	Oserian-La Pieve	Zebra-Female	Snare		Spotted crossing the Moi South Lake Road limping on the left fore limb. It had a wedge wire on the affected fetlock. Resultant wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine after the wire was severed using wire cutter. It was sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 30000mgs Amoxicillin, 50ml Multivitamin were injected into muscles while 80mgs Ivermectin was injected subcutaneously. 200ml Pyrethrin was applied on the skin. It was revived using 40mgs Naltrexone into jugular vein.
10/11/14	Annex KWSTI	Zebra-Male	Snare-Plastic		Spotted lame with a plastic shoe on the left fore limb. There was no resultant wound but it was a nagging irritant as the zebra kept stamping feet and trying in vain to bite it. It was removed manually	Immobilized using 3mgs Etorphine and 30mgs Azaperone. Dart wound was infiltrated with one tube of amoxicillin ointment. 200ml Pyrethrin pour on and 40mgs Ivermectin under the skin was administered. It was revived using 12mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
	Joan Root Residence	Hippo-Male	Stray		Reported to have invaded residence area causing fear and panic for at least a week. It had attempted to chase and bite the residence. It was found grazing within the residence at noon. Observation revealed that it had many fight marks all over the skin	It was chased using vehicle into the Lake Naivasha. The residence were advised to call if it became aggressive again invading the residence area. The aggressiveness was compounded by the prevailing hunger.
11/11/14	Kiangazi-Lentolia	Buffalo-Female	Stuck in mud		Reported to have been stuck in mud on the shores of Lake Naivasha. Only the neck and head was out of the mud. It was alert and aggressive. Was pulled out of mud using straps on the vehicle after darting	Darted with 9mgs Etorphine and 90mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 40mgs Naltrexone and 62.5mgs into jugular vein. It remained alert though after revival due to numbness of the hind limbs. Was left to warm up and get up on her own
		Zebra-Female	Tumor & Snare wound		Spotted with round traumatic wound on the right metatarsus. It was maggot infested possibly caused by faulty snare. Examination revealed that it had an ulcerated tumorous swelling at the base of the left ear. It had severe emaciation suggesting probably metastasis.	Immobilized with 5mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbital intravenously.
12/11/14	Kiangazi-Lentolia	Buffalo-Female	Euthanized		Reported not to have gotten up more than 24 hours after being rescued from where she was stuck in mud. This was caused by partial posterior paralysis possibly due to over exertion and numbness due to long stay in water/mud	Tranquilized with 100mgs Xylazine hand injected into muscles. Euthanized with 5mgs Etorphine and 200mgs Azaperone into jugular vein.
	Mundui Estate	Zebra-Male	Postmortem		Two stallions were seen fighting of what was suspected to be territorial fight. One stallion was found at the scene in the morning dead. Examination revealed many bite marks on the neck and gluteal area.	Death was suspected to have been caused by a blunt blow on the right side of head which was doughy with slight bleeding.
13/11/14	Green Park/Marula	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Reported to have been seen dragging a post tied with a wedge wire around the neck. It was thought to have been snared from Eburu. It was followed to effect darting but all in vain as it escaped into thick bushes.	Monitoring will continue so that it can be desnared when it resurfaces on a conducive terrain.
	Crater Lake	Masai Giraffe-Male	Snare		Reported lame on the left hind limb due to braided snare wire on metatarsus. It was tight and had caused mild traumatic wound. Snare was severed using wire cutter. Resultant wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Tetracycline wound spray was topically applied. It was injected with 15000mgs Tetracycline, 100ml Multivitamin into muscles. 300ml Pyrethrin was applied on skin.	Immobilized using 15mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 45mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein after it was tripled using ropes when it begun to star gaze.
14/11/14	Hells Gate National Park	Zebra-Male	Snare		Spotted with plain braided snare wire around the neck dropping down about five meters. Had also a cut breeding wound on the left chest side. The snoop was loosened and taken off neck. It was slightly strangulating. Wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. One tube of Amoxicillin was infiltrated into the cut wound.	Immobilized using 5mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 30000mgs Amoxicillin, 50ml Multivitamin was injected into muscles; 200ml Pyrethrin on skin. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into the vein.
	Oserian La Pieve	Zebra-Male	Snare		Spotted lame on the left fore limb due to traumatizing wedge snare wire around the fetlock. It was established after darting that it had another old snare on the right fetlock joint. Both were severed with wire cutter. Fresh wound on left limb was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. It was injected with 15000mgs Tetracycline and 50ml Multivitamin intramuscularly. 80mgs Ivermectin was administered subcutaneously. 200ml Pour on. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein
	Kongoni Game Valley	Zebra-Male	Postmortem		Found dead on right lateral recumbence. Observation revealed emaciation and dehydration. Dentition examination was obvious that it had callus and teeth were worn to the gum level.	Tentatively the cause of death was old age. This has been exacerbated by the ongoing dry period.
15/11/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Female; Esther	Dystocia		Was spotted on 13/11/14 well. On 14/11/14 its’ carcass was found within kasarani area with both horns intact. Postmortem revealed that it was heavily pregnant and possibly it was giving birth. A completely formed fetus was found within inguinal region with anterior presentation and ventro-dorsal malposition. It is this malposition that is thought to have caused unsuccessful delivery resulting to death of both dam and calf.	Common causes of sudden death were all eliminated through postmortem lesions encountered. Among them are infectious diseases like anthrax, Rift Valley Fever among others. Traumatic fatal injuries like gunshot and fight wounds. Non-infectious conditions such as colic since the species is very prone to colic. All kinds of poisoning were also considered but eliminated.
16/11/14	Oserian/Kiangazi La Pieve	Zebra-Female	Snare		Reported with a wedge snare wire on the left hind limb at fetlock. There was no resultant traumatic wound. It was loosened and taken off the limb. Slight skin abrasion which was there was liberally sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Darted using 5mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 200ml Pout on and 80mgs were used. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into vein.
17/11/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Male; Aboni	Gunshot wound review		It had been treated on 16/11/2014 of gunshot wound on the right fore limb. Lameness had subsided. It was strong and found grazing with body score of four. It had several natural wounds on both franks. The pus oozing penetrating wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Tetracycline wound spray was applied on all wounds liberally. 15000ml Tetracycline was injected into muscles and so was 100ml Multivitamin.	Immobilized with 4mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. Anaesthesia plain was lighted by 10mgs Butorphanol into ear vein. 300ml Pyrethrin pour on was topically applied to deter flies and ticks. It was revived after 15 minutes with 24mgs Diprenorphine into ear vein and 40mgs Naltrexone into muscles
	Green Park	Zebra Foal-Male	Orphan		Collected at Morendat on Naivasha-Nakuru road. School going children were found trying to kill it using sticks. It was rescued and taken to Green Park by a resident who called Vet Unit to report. It was visited and covered with 2cc Colvasone and 2cc Macrolan to take care of inflammation and pneumonia.	It was given 200ml goat milk because it was exhibiting hunger. This was to continue after every four hours. Meanwhile arrangement has been done so that it can be collected by Nairobi Animal orphanage crew so that it can be reared there.
19-20/11/14	Mosiro Kanjiando	Elephant-Female	Wound Treatment		It was reported to have a discharging wound on the right hips with no lameness. She was in company of other six. She was strong because she kept pace with others.	Efforts to dart were futile because of rough terrain and thick bushes.
21/11/14	Oloiden Public Beach	Zebra-Female	Postmortem		Reported to have died on the shore of Lake Oloiden beach overnight. Physical examination revealed emaciation and dehydration. All limbs were alopecic from abrasions tentatively due to straining after it got stuck.	Cause of death was thought to be over exertion exacerbated by poor body cover due to prolonged dry spell
	Kinja Cottages	Zebra-Female	Postmortem		Was reported to have aborted a week earlier. Had grown thin and unable to walk around due to lack of forage. Examination also revealed that its dentition exhibited old age.	Death was attributed to multifactorial causes which included old age, pregnancy and malnutrition.
21-22/11/14	Lake Elementaita Community area	Pelicans	Disease Surveillance on Deaths		Reported to have died in hundreds possibly up to a thousand. It was discovered during routine patrol by Soy Sambu Research Team on Pelican Island near Pelican Hide. It was established that all ages were equally affected and the surface of Island was covered with broken egg shells.	This seemed to be their breeding site. Few unbroken eggs were found within the area. Absence of fresh carcass made investigation difficult. Deaths had stopped like two to three weeks earlier. The team was put on high alert to keep surveying the area and report any fresh death(s) or any carcass.
22/11/14	Lentolia	Masai Giraffe-Male	Snare		Was reported having snare wire on the left hind limb metatarsus. It was tight though no wound had resulted. The snare was loosened and taken off the limb. 100ml Multivitamin, 250mgs Ivermectin and 400ml pour on was used	Immobilized with 18mgs Etorphine and 30mgs Azaperone. It was revived immediately using 40mgs Naltrexone into jugular vein
22/11/14	Kongoni Game  Valley	Silver back Jackal-Female	Postmortem		Reported dead after being observed unable to keep up with pace of the rest of pack partners. It was established that she had poor muscle cover and dehydration. Dentition depicted wear exposing sensitive laminae.	Death was tentatively due to Old age syndrome. Surveillance is on for any abnormal behavior on the rest of pack members.
23/11/14	Hells Gate National Park	Buffalo-Female	Snare		Spotted with a wire around the neck. It was strangulating and had stayed for long causing alopecia. There was no resultant traumatic wound. 50ml Multivitamin, 300ml pour on and 150mgs Ivermectin was used.	Darted with 8mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. The snoop was loosened and taken off the neck. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into the vein.
24/11/14	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino	Gunshot Wound		Reported to have been struck by poachers at about 1920Hrs. The following morning it was tracked down through dripping blood and found lying. Efforts to dart and treat were futile as the animal spent off at high speed into thick bushes.	Efforts to procure chopper were not forthcoming. Treatment will be effected either through chopper after mounting a search or through foot darting when sighted
25/11/14	Ol-morogi Kenya Nut Ltd	Zebra-Male	Snare		Reported with traumatic wound due to plain wire snare on the right hind metatarsus. The wound was raw and scabbing due to snare friction. Snare was loosened and taken off the limb. Animal was covered with 30000mgs Tetracycline and 50ml Multivitamin into muscles. Topically 200ml Pyrethrin was applied.	Darted with 5mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. Traumatic wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was liberally sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
	Hells Gate National Park	Buffalo-Female	Malnutrition		Reported to have been unable to get up over eight hours. She was being guarded by two sub adults. It was on the fence of Olkaria Gate.	She was urged to get up by use of the vehicle. She struggled and finally stood up. She was emaciated and alopecic showing old age and lack of substantial foliage. She was left grazing.
	Green Park	Zebra Foal-Male	Postmortem		Had been rescued a week ago from the children who were beating it on the road side. Had been put on goat milk	Though having been covered against dietary diarrhea and bacterial infections postmortem revealed inflammation of lung parenchyma.
26/11/14	Mogotio-LNNP	3 Female Ostriches	Capture & Translocation		The 3 inhabited private land from unknown destination for about a year. They had started being aggressive to residents and calves especially cattle. This necessitated their capture and translocation. They were afraid of vehicle so foot darting was done. Each was done individually till all were safe in the transporting pickup.	Each was darted using 4.5mgs Etorphine and 12mgs Medetomidine. Each took about 8 minutes to be immobilized but remained standing. They were quickly loaded into Pickup one after the other and revived while inside the pickup. Revival was achieved by use of 24mgs Diprenorphine and 31.25mgs Yohimbine into wing vein. 40mgs Naltrexone was injected into thigh muscles to prevent renarcotization.
27/11/14	Lentolia	Zebra-Male	Snare-		Was reported to have plain wire snare around the neck. It was tight causing mild strangulation. No resultant wound was present. It had two snare wires of different age. Each was loosened after the other and taken off the neck.	Darted with 5mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. 50ml Multivitamin, 200ml pour on and 80mgs Ivermectin were used. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Male	Treatment review		The rhino was suspected to have been fought by another because noise was heard emanating from its habitat overnight. Its treatment review was less due by four days thus it was done early. Having been treated twice after botched poaching incidence it was found grazing with vigor.	It was alert walking with no lameness. There was no discharging wound even from natural ones. No fight marks were noted. It was presumed that if the noise were his could be repulsive of any intruder or there were others who fought. Rangers were instructed to identify the candidates for necessary action to be taken.
28/11/14	Oserian Chui Lodge/Kongoni Game Valley	Eland-Male	Lassitude		Reported to have been lying down close to tarmac road. It was diarrheing, emaciated and swollen submandibular. It was raised up manually and driven to Kongoni Game Valley. It was injected with 15000mgs Tetracycline and 50ml Multivitamin into muscles.	200ml Pyrethrin pour on was topically applied followed by 50mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously. It was released and walked away with no wobbling.
	Lentolia	Zebra-Male	Traumatic Wound		Reported with a huge wound on the left metatarsus. It was suspected to have been caused by faulty snare. It was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was liberally sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray.	Darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 12mgs Medetomidine.30000mgs Amoxicillin and 50ml Multivitamin were administered Into muscles, 80mgs Ivermectin subcutaneously and 200ml Pyrethrin on the skin. It was revived using 60.25mgs Yohimbine and 24mgs Diprenorphine intravenously
29/11/14	Hippo Point	Masai Giraffe -Male	Fracture		Reported severely lame on right hind limb. Examination revealed a fracture on the distal femur. Also it had skin abrasions of the right side. It was suspected to have fallen into a ditch with the whole of fractured limb. Struggle to get out possibly caused the fracture.	Darted using 7mgs Etorphine and 100mgs Xylazine. It was euthanized using 4000mgs Sodium Pentobarbital into jugular vein
	Farah Residence Crater Lake	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Reported with a plain wire snare on the right hind metatarsus. It was tight though it had not caused any traumatic wound. The snoop was loosened and taken off the limb	Immobilized using 10mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. 300ml Pour on, 50ml Multivitamin and 150mgs Ivermectin were used. It was revived using 36mgs Diprenorphine intravenously

Remark: The month under review was very busy with snaring cases emanating from lack of forage due to continuous dry spell making animals wander within residential areas and farms. Poor nutrition as a result also has contributed to lassitude resulting to deaths of old animals hence increased postmortem cases. Lack of peasant farming activities has also resulted to shift of interest to wild animals by community hence increased conflict. Fortunately rains are now on hopefully wild animals will get enough forage within designated areas away from residential areas and farms.

The Unit wishes to acknowledge all individuals and institutions which have made the above work possible. The ARR Founder and Funder Margaret Zak including ARR administrators, ranches and conservancies, community members, flower farms, tourist attraction sites/facilities and KWS fraternity. The Unit continues with hawk-eye surveillance of any animal suffering to offer quick reprieve especially at this festive season when demand for bush meat is anticipated to be high.